Plasma is widely recognized as a powerful tool with applications ranging from everyday technologies to advanced scientific research. One of the most ambitious goals in plasma science is the realization of sustainable green energy through nuclear fusion. Alongside fusion research, considerable attention has been devoted to low-temperature plasmas and their societal applications. Operating from low pressure to atmospheric conditions, these plasmas have emerged as versatile platforms for applications in energy, electronics, agriculture, biomedical engineering, food preservation, and textiles. In the energy and environmental sectors, plasma technologies are increasingly explored for hydrogen production, plasma-assisted combustion, carbon dioxide conversion, waste treatment, and pollution control. For practical implementation, plasma processes must be carefully designed and controlled through optimized process recipes governed by plasma parameters and the energy of plasma species. Advanced plasma diagnostic techniques and computational modeling therefore play a crucial role in understanding plasma behavior and optimizing processing conditions. The major applications of low-temperature plasmas is the synthesis and modification of thin films for industrial technologies. Plasma-based deposition techniques, such as Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering, enable the fabrication of advanced thin-film functional materials with controlled composition, structure, and surface properties. The structure of thin films is strongly influenced by plasma parameters and active species, including electrons, ions, radicals, and neutrals. However, precise and reproducible control of film growth remains challenging due to the inherent complexity of plasma processes. Consequently, fundamental studies combining plasma diagnostics, experiments, and numerical simulations are essential for molecular-scale control of film growth and the development of next-generation nanoscale materials for aerospace, defence, energy, and environmental applications.
